ŽIVOTNE USPOMENE JURE FRANCETIĆA I MAKSA LUBURIĆA SA “JANKA PUSTE”

 

NEPOZNATA STRANA JANKA PUSTE I TKO JE BIO POBOČNIK “LASLO”? (Jure Francetić na Janka Pusti) 

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09-09-2016 03:26#853

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(Prenosim iz DRINE br. 4/7 1955. strana 75-93 članak kojeg je pisao “U”staša Maks u rubrici “IZ GALERIJE VELIKIH POKOJNIKA”. Članak je podug pa ću ga u nastavcima ovdje iznijeti kao jedan važan i nepoznat dio dogodovština povijesti i rada na Janka Pusti. Dr. Željko Karaula je donio iz HDA ZAPISNIK Udbe od 3 siječnja 1947. godine pukovnika HOS-a Ivana Perčevića. Kako “U”staša Maks u ovom svojem opisu spominje pukovnika Ivana Perčevića, to mi daje priliku da popunim prazninu Maksova pisanja o Janka Pusti s izjavama Ivana Perčevića u Udbinu ZAPISNIKU od 3 siječnja 1947. godine. Mile Boban, Otporaš.)

POBOČNIK LASLO (Jure Francetić na Janka Pusti)

Dom , Sveučilište, Janka Pusta, Drina i Smrt, – to su velike postaje i stepenice u životu velikog hravtskog ratnika i ustaškog revolucionara, Jure Francetića. Svi ratnički narodi imadu legende, koje kažu, da veliki vojnici i ratnici ne umiru, nego se jednostavno razplinu…

Život, rad, borba i smrt Jure Francetića je legenda i misterij.

Podna starca Velebita, u kršnoj Lici, koja je dala hrvatskoj ratničkoj poviesti bezbroj generala i admirala, rodio se je i veliki vojnik i ratnik Jure Francetić. Besmrtni Mile Budak, također sin Like, govorio mi je o obitelji Francetića, o obitelji, koja je dala mnogo značajnih ratnika. Ta je Starčevićeva, Došanova, Budakova i Francetićeva Lika prema podatcima pok. Mile Budaka dala što nitko drugi nije. On je narod težaka i generala, kako reče Mile. Samo je općina Lovinac u godini 1900. imala u Austro Ugarskoj Vojsci 15 živih generala!

Jedno malo selo!

Dom Francetića je dom seljačkih i vojničkih vrlina, dom hrvatskih ratničkih koljenovića. U vjeri otaca i pradjedova, u strahu Božijem i ljubavi prema rodnoj grudi odgajao se je Jure Francetić na ognjištu pradjedova. To je pokazala točka u životu Jure Francetića.

Hrvatski je Alkazar, (u Španjolskoj jedan grad, a ovdje general misli na “tvrđavu”, mo.) naše Sveučilište, izklesalo iz ličke uridine politički izgrađena borca. Deržanstvo, koje je usisao sa majčinim mliekom i zrakom uže domovine Otca Domovine, ojačale su bure Velebita, a izkristaliziralo ga je zagrebačko sveučilište, naš glavni stožer ustaške i travanjske revolucije.

A onda je došao na Janka pustu, kano se nije dolazilo slučajno, jer je organizacija “USTAŠA” – Hrvatski Oslobodilački Pokret, u njemu vidio jednog od pozvanih. I kako je Jurin pohod na Drinu počeo na Janka Pusti, moramo i mi početi tamo. Hrvatski genii na Janka Pusti dovršio je klesanje velebna djela, koje je ostavljeno budućim hrvatskim vojničkim naraštajima kao amanet, primjer, uzor i putokaz.

Janka Pusta je usavršila Juru, a on usvavršio Janka Pustu. Medjusobno su si dali svoj biljeg. Zato je potrebno govoriti o Janka Pusti, jer se bez nje ne može razumijeti sve ono, što je zatim došlo. I kako je pisac ovih redaka prastanovnik Janka Puste, u koju je ušao kao bosonog diete, bio s Jurom cielo vrieme, imao sreću preživjeti Legiju Smrti sa šačicom siena, žena i djece, pozvan je i pisati o tim dvama velikim pojmovima, koji su doveli do pohodna na DRINU.

PODRIJETLO ILI POSTANAK USTAŠKOG VOJNIČKOG LOGORA “JANKA PUSTA”

(Uvijek sam se pitao kada je točno osnovan logor Janka Pusta. Iz petnaestak nastavaka koje je general pisao u novini OBRANA 1965/1966. godine PRIGODOM SMRTI VLADKA MAČEKA, tu sam iz tih generalovih opisa mogao shvatiti da je Vjekoslav Luburić došao na Janka Pusta koncem 1930. ili početkom 1931. godine. Sada kada prepisujem izjavu pukovnika Ivana Perčevića koju je Udba zapisala u gore spomenuti ZAPISNIK, dobiva se mala drugačija slika. Mo. Otporaš.)

Pitanje Udbe:

Opišite nam kako je došlo do osnutka ustaškog logora u Mađarskoj “Janka Pusta”, vaš audio u tome i zadatke po kojima vas je Pavelić kao smog izaslanika (zamjenika) slao tamo?

Odgovor Ivana Perčevića:

U ljeti 1931. godine agenti jugoslavenske policije pokušali su izvršiti atentat na Gustava Perčeca u Beču. Ovaj atentat nije uspio i atentatori su bili pohapšeni. Atentatori su bili Cveger, neki Belošević i još jedan čijeg se imena ne sjećam, a bio je jedini od njih koji je snap njemački jezik… Atentatori su izvedeni pred austrijski sud i osuđeni na vremenske kazne, a Gustav Perčec dobio naređenje (izgon, mo.) da se mora iz Austrije iseliti… Gustav Perčec se je poslije toga morao iseliti u Sporn u Mađarsku…S Gustavom Perčecom su krenuli nekolicina emigranata među kojima se sjeća Kremzir Ljube, Šimovića sa obitelji i drugih. Putem novinskih oglasa Perečec je zatražio u najamninu jedno imanje na kojem bi on sa grupom oko desetak ljudi radeći jeftino živio. U samoj okolici Sopron-a nije mogao dobiti nikakovo imanje već mu je ponuđena Janka Pusta…

Gustav Perčec napušta Beč ljeta 1931 i iznajmljuje veliki posted kraj Velike Kaniže (NagyKanizsa) pod imenom Janka Pusta ili ili Jankovec…
(Dakle, Logor Janka Pusta je osnovan ljeta 1931. godine, a Vjekoslav Luburić je tu došao odmah u početku i bio među prvima, što bi značili krajem godine 1931. Mo.)

USTAŠKI ČARKAR “LASLO”

Janka pusta je bila vojnički logor i svatko je na njoj počeo kao čarkar – novak. Ulazili smo kao novice i dobivali samostansko ime. Morali smo zaboraviti, kako se zovemo, zaboraviti ime roditelja, ime sela i grada gdje smo se rodili, ime pokrajine. I strogo je bilo zabranjeno govoriti bilo kojim provincijskim dialektom. Morali smo zaboraviti ime prijatelja, profesiju, škole, sve ono što smo učinili – i postati novi ljudi. Dobili smo i drugo ime i tako smo počeli novi život. Jure Francetić je postao Laslo, a ja Maks!

Jednom sam zgodom u oslobodjenoj Hrvatskoj našim ustaškim prvacima govorio, kakova je bila Janka Pusta, mako smo na nju stimuli, živili, radili i umirali. Ali sam brzo uvidio, da je gotovo nemoguće o tome govoriti. Danas je hrvatskoj emigraciji mnogo lakše o tome govoriti, jer su nešto od toga prešli.

Zamislite se jedan od logora, kroz koje ste prošli nakon 1941!! Ali bez stražara, u pustinji, koju su nadzirali madžarski žandari iz grada Csurgo i okolnih sela, a njihove obhodnje obilazile pustaru (imanje) danju i noću. Janka Pusta je bila i radni logor, imanje, kano se je dobrovoljno dolazilo putem organizacije, gdje se je radilo kao i na svakom drugom imanju, kakovih je onda bilo u Madžarskoj na tisuće. Mi smo iznajmili jedno od tih imanja i obradjivali zemlju. Putem naših kanala dolazile su Ustaše, a vlast je Janka Pustu smatrala privatnim dobrom i mjestom, gdje su se hrvatski emigranti sakupljali da prežive.

Dolazilo se je putem kanala izravno iz Domovine, ili se ljude, preko mnogobrojnih dobrih veza vadilo iz zatvora i upućivalo na rad. Uzalud su bili protesti Beograda! Janka Pusta je bila stjecište ljudi, koji su kao politički emigranti bili kod vlasti registrirani, a išli raditi na Janka Pustu, jer drugog posla nije bilo. Ne treba ni govoriti, da smo i onda, kao i 1945. skoro svi upotrebljavali izmišljena imena. Tako je Jure postao Laslo i vodjen kao madžarski i poslije albanski vojni bjegunac, a ja postao bački švaba Maks! I onda su se fabricirali papiri, i onda smo prolazili kroz zatvore skoro svih europskih policija.

Čarkar Laslo isto je prošao kroz sve faze života. Ustajali smo random zoom, u 4 i 5 sati i išli na rad, na vježbu, prema potrebama gospodarstva i godišnjem dobu. Ali postao je jedan osnovni zakon: svatko je morao raditi, i svaki dan i svaki posao. (Saznati nešto više o životu, radu i inim djelatnostima na Janka Pusti, kliknite na link: Prigodom smrti Vladka Mačeka. U tim petnaestak (15) nastavaka koje je Maks pisao u novini OBRANA 1965/1966. godine povodom Mačekove smrti, saznat će se ono što neće biti u ovim nastavcima. Mo. Otporaš.) Bili smo kočijaši, zidari, stolari, pekati, kuhari, krojači i sve što je bilo potrebno. U zimi, kada drugog posla nije bilo, kopali smo ogromni ribnjak i izkorištavali jedan potok, napravili jedno uzorno ribogojstvo, koje nam je mnogo pomoglo u materijalnom pogledu.

lasla i mene je zapalo krampati na ribnjaku. Nije lako krampom razbijati smrznutu zemlju ni onima, koji su cijeli život to činili, a kamo li “nesvršenim djacima”, kako su nas dvojicu zvali ostali, jer se prema dužnostima, koje nam je uprava povjerila vidill, da smo došli iz škole. Tamo na ribnjaku počeo je naš rad, naše poznanstvo, naša suradnja – i naše “svadje”.

Radi kamuflaže svi smo najprije nosili košulje i kape od “Levente”. “Levente” je madžarska predvojnička organizacija, obavezna za svu mladež, sve dok ne stupi u vojsku. Predizobrazba, spremanje za vojsku, jer Madžarska nije imala pravo držati redovnu vojsku, nego samo stojeću plaćeničku vojsku od 35.000 ljudi. Preko noći smo dolazili, većinom iz Domovine, a u jutro smo hodali okolo kao i svi drugi mladići u kakvim god bilo hlačama i košulji i kapi “Levente”. (Levente je bio neke vrsti djak – glasnik u staroj madžarskoj vojsci.)

Ljudski je biti nezadovoljan, pa je i na Janka Pusti takovih bilo. Vele drugovi, da je i pisac ovih redaka bio dvije godine neslomivi buntovnik. Nisam došao krampati, nego dajte mi oružje, da idemo u rat protiv Srba! Ali Laslo je sve shvaćao. Nije došao medju prvima na Janka Pustu, ali je bio najbolji od sviju. Tumačio nam je potrebu rada. Treba izdržati, treba raditi i radi vlasti, jer je samo tako opravdan naš boravak na Janka Pusti. Samo tako se Pešta može braniti od Beograda! Jure je obišao već i neke druge naše logore u tudjini, i imao je širi pogled na političku situaciju. I ljudi su grčevito stiskali krampove, kupali se u znoju i ledu, gradili ribnjak, vozili na tačkama zemlju na nasip, – a onda u obližnju šumu na vježbu!

Tada je počimao život, a posebno Ustaše Lasla! Tu je bio u svom ambientu, on i svi drugi. Pa ipak je i tu bilo buntovnika. Imali smo od krampanja krvave žuljeve na rukama i od puzanja krvave lactose i koljena. (Mnogi su čitali ili su upoznati sa primoranim, obveznim dnevnim 16/18 sati trčanjima i vježbama Fidela Castra i njegovih sljedbenika u borbi protiv kubanskog predsjednika Juan Batista, kojeg je Fidel Castro svojom socijalističkom – čitaj komunističkom – revolucijom svrgnuo s vlasi na Novu Godinu 1959. Što je za Kubance Nova Godina 1959., to je za Hrvate Deseti Travnja 1941. Mo. Otporaš.) Nitko živ nije došao na Janka Pustu, too nije svršio tu školu. Mrzili smo već “puzanje” više nego Srbe, ali smo puzali: svaki je od nas bio kadar s puškom u ruci prepuzati 500 metara, a da se šuma nije čulo.

Laslo je bio “dugong”, i dok je nama rastom manjima bilo težko puzati, njemu je to bilo dvojstruko teže. Vodnik Mika (Nikola Zboril), koji je došao po nalogu Organizacije iz Brazila, bio je u Hrvatskom Domobranstvu za vrieme Austrije instructor, a kasnije je poginuo kao satnik na Romaniji pod vodstvom svog nekadašnjeg čarkara – novaka Lasla! On je bio naš vojnički instructor. “Ti dugong, ponovi”. I Laslo je ponavljao puzanje. Puzalo se preko pokošenih žitnih polja, kroz grmlje, po danu i noći, kroz piesak i blato. I jai gnome too bi zanečistio pušku!

Kada je svršila tortura sa osnovnim vježbama i počelo razvijanje čarkarskog lance, pokret, napadaj, obrana, kretanje rona, voda i sati, – tada je Laslo odskočio. Odskočio – izpred sviju! Dobri Maks je govorio: ” iz ovoga će biti do bar dorojnik”, iako nas je dva puta oborio na dorojničkom izpiti. To je Laslu bilo previše, pa mu je rekao: “Doći ćeš ti još k meni”. Tada sam duboko razmišljao o tim riječima! Te noći sam čuvao stražu i mako je bila lima, bilo je mnogo bolestnih i mladji smo držali i po četiri straže.

“Slušaj Laslo, ti si rekao nešto, što mi se duboko usjeklo u mozak. Rekao si nešto, što sam i ja mislio, ali se nisam usudio reći”. Te noći dugo smo razgovarali, jer je on bio zapovjednik straže, a to je značilo u sigurnosnom pogledu bezuvietni auktoritet za 24 data. Te noći smo prvi puta govorili o našim planovima za budućnost. Mika i Blaž ne shvaćaju sve to. Oni misle, da će se puzanjem osloboditi Hrvatska. A jurišati? Laslo i ja smo bili za jurišanje, i to razgaljenih prsa, da Srbi lakiše i sigurnije gadjaju. Da – jurišati treba, – i ako svih šest milijuna Hrvata budemo jurišali, Srbi će bježati onakraj Drine. Ta je noć bila za nas obojicu sudbonosna. Sve je zavisilo o jednom sudbonosnom jurišu, slično kao što smo ih i sprovadjali – kao hrvatski častnici – i generali! Poljubili smo se, zagrlili i stvorili vječno prijateljstvo i vječnu “svadju”.

Misao me je progonila, srdce mi je lupalo kao bat i osjećao sam ga na vrh grla. Samo sveopćim jurišem može se Hrvatska osloboditi. I nikada me više ta misao nije ostavila. Jedno je bilo jasno: Laslo je bio superniji od sviju!

Nas dva, “Caren” (stožernik Pižeta), “Zmaj” (Pospišil) i još neki, proglašujemo se mladima! Tražimo reforme u svemu, osudjujemo nedostojne zapovjednike, borimo se protiv zabluda “starih”. Mi smo sinovi stanza i revolucije, glasnici novog doba. Stari nas ne razumiju, ali Poglavnika da. On dolazi na Janka Pustu i dovodi nam za zapovjednika Bedu (General Servatzy), i kaže: “Imate pravo, pred nama je stank i revolucija, a ne frontalni rat. Moramo se spremiti za takav način borbe”. Bego je uviek mlad, on nas shvaća – i predaje nam sve poslove, sve odgovornosti. A nas dva buntovnika postajemo Pobočnici. (Dali se ovdje odnosi da su Laslo i Maks ili Maks i “Caren” tj. (stožernik Pižeta) postali “Pobočnici”, ostaje nejasno. Mo. Otporaš.)

Poglavnik prisustvuje vježbama i izpitima. Pobočnik Laslo dobiva zapovied postrojavanja jedne front, a ja pobunu, preuzimanje vlasti, zauzimanje oružničkih vojarna i t.d. Imali smo u šumi izgradjeno selo u monijaturi, a u pomanjkanju mase pojedinci su značili rojove, vodove i satnije. Mašta je u njima gledala jedinice i vježbe su se održavale. Baratali smo sa pravim eksplozivima – sa upaljačima, rušili i gradili mostove, zauzimali i oslobadjali sela, zauzimali utvrde, rovove i bunker, puzali, jurišali, bacali bombe i pucali iz pušaka, “roda” i revolvera.

Glavno stožerni pukovnik Perčević, kasniji general i šef Vojničkog Ureda Poglavnika, satnik Metzger, kasnij general i zapovjednik Pučkog Zbora u Sriemu, satnik Lahovski, kasniji ustaški pukovnik i glavni nadzornik za izobrazbu, djelatni bojnik Madžarske vojske Glišo Balenović, kasniji ustaški pukovnik i zapovjednik Ustaške Vojnice, kao i neki drugi, koje ne poznajemo, začudjeno gledaju, šta radimo. Ne slažu se, ne odobravaju! Ali Poglavnik da! Bego je sretan, to je njegova kola. Poglavnik nam stišće ruku i pohvaljuje nas. Smiju se i vele: “Pat i Patašon”, aludirajući na nas dva, jedan visok i mršav, a drugi “bulbar”, male i okrugao. kaže Poglavnik: “Odlazim zadovoljan. Vi ste shvatili svoju zadaću”. I jednom kasnije u NDH, dok smo nas tri (Bego, Laslo i ja) večerali kod Poglavnika i razgovarali o sječanjima sa Janke Puste, rekao nam je: “Eto, Laslo pravi na Drini frontu, a ti u pozadini isto onako, kako ste radili na onoj vježbi”. (Ovo je general Drinjanin pisao u DRINI br. 4/7, lipanj 1955., dakle u vrijeme dok su Poglavnik i general bili zajedno i skupa radili. Za ovu DRINu Poglavnik je napisao uvodni članak: HRVATSKI NARODE! Imao je priliku pročitati ovaj članak svojeg đaka sa Janka Puste Vjekoslava Maksa Luburića te ga odobriti ili ne, pošto se i njegovo ima kao Poglavnik spominje. Budući da je članak u potpunosti izišao onako kako ga je general Drinjanin napisao, Poglavnik ga je odobrio kao vjerodostojan i istinit. Mo. Otporaš.) A Bego se je samo sretno smješkao, jer se nije prevario, kada je “buntovnicima predao vlast”.

Izvršili smo još jednu demonstraciju rukovanja ručnim bombama, koje smo sami fabricirali (“Silni” (Kralj) i “Zmaj” (Pospišil). Sa sličnim bombama (kukuruzovke) kakve smo slčivali, naravno bez eksploziva i upaljača, napunjene sa olovom, vršili smo bezbrojne vježbe i bili tako sigurni, da smo iz svake pozicije i na svakom terenu na 5 i 10 cm. pogodili cilj. Za vrieme jedne prave demonstracije – pred Poglavnikom – kada su svi iz zaklona i rovova promatrali, Laslo i ja smo vršili bacanje prije vremena, i onda ju je drugi uhvatio i iznova bacio na desno. Htjelo se je dokazati , da se bomb treba baciti točno iza brojeva 52, 53, 54, nakon što u petu lupi upaljač. Ako smo je prije toga bacilli, bilo je vremena za uhvatiti je i iznova baciti, što smo kasnije u ratu mnogo puta učinili i medju partizane bacilli njihove vlasite bombe. Bego je bio (general Vjekoslav Servatzy, mo.) je bio pirotehničarski stručnjak za vrieme Austrije i Srbima nanio mnogobrojne gubitke u borbama na Crnom Vrhu, radi čega je već 1918. morao bježati iz svog dragog Sriema.

Dva puta smo pred svim častnicima i Poglavnikom izvršili tu demonstraciju. Prvi je bacao Laslo meni, a ja u desno, na lievo i iza nas bili su naši u zaklonima. Drugu demonstraciju obrnuto izvršili! Ja sam bacio na Lasla, a on ju zgrabio i bacio u desno. Dok je bomba u zraku eksplodirala i naš pogled bio uperen u onom pravcu, krv se u nama svima sledila, jer dok sam ja bio zabavljen mjerenjem razmaka i pripremama za bacanje bombe, Poglavnik, obučen u ustašku odoru, uputio se naglim korakom prema Laslu i u času, kada je bomba pala i Laslo je uhvatio i ponovno bacio, Poglavnik je stajao kraj njega na tri koraka. Dobri “Janoš bacsi”, na smrt osudjeni Koprek, koji je ksanije umro, tvrdio je, da je onda dobio težku bolest srdca, od koje je i umro.

Legija smrti je vidjela svoga Poglavnika! Od onih živimo jedva još dvojica ili trojica. Svi su drugi pali s osmjehom na usnama, jer su u času umiranja i uviek vidili pred sobom Vodju, neustrašivo hrabrog, koji je ustaški prezirao smrt i poglavnički vjerovao u sigurnost i spremu svojih čarkara – novaka. Taj nam je dan ostao neizbrisiv i postao putokaz za čitav kasniji život.

Ustaški generali nisu došli na čelo divizija i Sborova slučajno, kao što ni pohod na Drinu s Jurom na čelu nije bio slučajan. Počeo je tamo na misterioznoj i legendarnoj Janka Pusti. Počelo je novo doba, u koje ulazimo Laslo i ja kao Pobočnici Područnog Zapovjedničtva.

POBOČNIK LASLO.

Cieli daljni rad nosi biljeg pobočnika Lasla. Pobočnik nije ono, što se danas razumije pod tom rieči. To je bio položaj i čin prema ustrojstvu Ustaškog Pokreta. “Područno Zapovjedničtvo I” – u koje smo mi spadali na čelu s tadašnjim Područnim zapovjednikom, satnikom Servatzyjem (Bego), koji se je inače zvao “Vadasz urn” (lovac), sa Pobočnicima Područnog Zapovjedničtva upravljalo je sa cjelokupnom djelatnošću neše organizacije, na peretoriju “Sjever”. Tu je spadala Madžarska, Češka, dio Austrije, zatim sva sjeverna hrvatska granica, sjeverna Hrvatska i iztočni dio Bosne.

Zapovjednik je postavljao od 3 – 6 Pobočnika, a mi smo imali svega 4 (Zmaj, Siniša, Laslo i Maks) svaki za svoj dio djelatnosti, ili za dvie grane od jednom, mienjajući udjelbe, vjerni Poglavnikovoj uputi: Ustaša mora znati sve! Laslo je bio najprije Upravni Pobočnik, što je značilo imati u rukama upravu užeg područja. Tako je počeo postavljati stvari na svoje mjesto.

U to vrieme smo imali jedno glavno uporište (Janka Pustu) i dva sporedna, jedno na Baza Pusti kod Letenja, i drugo, koje se je počelo praviti kod Pečuha. Zatim jedno manje u gradu Nagykanizsa (Velika Kaniža) u Horthy Miklos ilici, u jedno ostavljenoj maloj tvornici, koja je imala dosta liepo dvorište, prostorije i nastambe, te visoki aid oko kuće i dvorišta. (Želim ovdje nadodati da sam u mojoj političkoj emigraciji godinama i desetljećima imao vruću želju posjetiti ta mjesta: Janka Pustu i okolicu. To se je ostvarilo u ponedjeljak 5 svibnja 2014. godine, putujući iz sjeverne Francuske preko Austrije i Mađarske za Hrvatsku. To sam učinio namjerno kako bih u mojim maštama povezao rad i djelatnosti Ustaša na tim mjestima o kojima Maks Luburić ovdje piše. Zastao sam, baš tu u Nagykanizsa (Velika kaniža) i raspitivao se i pitao za mjesto Janka Pusta. Imao sam poteškoća saznati bilo što. Ja ne govorim mađarski, upitnici nisu znali hrvatski, francuski ni engleski. Uputili su me u jednu gostionicu, nedaleko hrvatske granicu. Tu u toj krčmi jedna od poslužavki je govorila vrlo lijepo engleski. Rekla nam je da ona vrlo dobro zna za Hrvate i njihovu borbu za slobodu i nezavisnost. Rekla nam je da je mlada ali ipak da je čula za hrvatski logor Janka Pusta. To je sve što je znala reći, a ja sam htio saznati nešto više. Možda drugog puta i druge zgode…Mo. Otporaš.) Namjeravali smo montirati jednu radionicu, gdje bi smo izradjivali razne metalne proizvode – naravno, radilči potrebni material za nas. Tamo je već bila prenesena radionica sa Janka Puste (mehanička i stolarska) i počelo se sa uredjivanjem nastamba.

Imali smo Janka Pustu, čiji sam bio zadnji zapovjednik, ali tada smo tamo držali malo ljudi, jer je već bila vrlo “opjevana” i nadzor madžarskih vlasti bio je pooštren, a pritisak Beograda i ciele Male Antante (u kojoj su sačinjavale: Rumunjska, tadašnja Čehoslovačka i srpska kraljevska Jugoslavija, a Veliku Antantu su sačinjavale: Engleska, Francuska, SAD i carska Rusija, mo. Otporaš.) upravo neopisiv. Ali, stvorili smo novu pustaru, Bazu Pustu, kojom je upravljao patrijarha svih ustaša, stari, dobri i vjerni Šimunović, prvi emigrant i otac sviju nas, koji je 1945. otišao s puškom u ruci i sa kćerkom, rodjena na Janka Pusti u križare! (General je o njemu pisao svojim suradnicima prilikom njegove ženidbe, generalove ženidbe, u listopadu 1953. godine. Ako se klikne: Ženidba Maksa Luburića, mislim da se to tu može naći. Mo.)

Pobočnik Laslo dao je novi zamah, novi polet. Kupili smo kamion i osobni auto. Svaki ustaša trebao je naučiti voziti auto i kamion, dvokolicu i motor, voziti čamac, jaštiti konja i pilotirati zrakoplov, govoriti jezike, znati se vladati, pucati kao coboy, na sliepo, učiti taktiku i poviest, montirati paklene mašine i rukovoditi telegrafskim aparatima, radiom, – i pješačiti onoliko, koliko je mogao pobočnik Laslo, sa naprtnjačom na ledjima, punom cigle.

A onda je došla uzbuna, pokret, i kroz fume smo pješačili stotine kilometer, da bismo se opet razštrkali svaki na svoje mjesto i – na svoju udjelbu i posao. Absurdan je to život bio, gdje smo na izmjenice bili i častnici i čarkari, pirotehničari i kuhari, radnici i intelektualci, progonjene zvieri od srpskih agenata, a pod stalnim madžarskim nadzorom; uniek sa dvije nabijene pištolje i dvije bombe uza se. U 24 data po dva puta smo bili u uniform, unutar zida ili u šumi, a onda smo opet u grupama, dva po dva prolazili custom, selom, gradom u gradjanskim odielima i falcificiranim dokumentima u džepu. A onda smo naslonjeni na stop zaspali nad knjigama, koje smo gutali, posebno one vojničke prirode.

Pobočnik Laslo pojačao je sixte “Gniezda” i “Graničara” na Dravi, podvojstručio slanje materiala, obuku, rad, unio u sve svoj biljeg. Stigao je u Peštu kao “student”, na granicu kao conspirator, u ured kao upravnik, medju ustaše kao profesor – i u isto vrieme kao učenik naših hrvatskih i madžarskih prijatelja, koji su bili voljni podučiti nas i otvoriti nam uviek nove horizonte belikologije. (U ovom slučaju riječ “belikologija” bi mogla značiti kao za “ljubitelje i pristiše rata, mo. Otporaš.)   Poglavnik je rekao, da ustaša mora znate sve, i mi smo zaista htjeli sve znati.

Upravni pobočnik je duša zapovjednika, desna ruka, sve. Administracija je velika, oprez, potreban i stalno se živi i radi, pod sjenom smrti, koja na nas vreba. A pobočnik je stigao na sve, sve pokrenuo, svugdje bio prvi. I poput meštra Bege nestle, da se nenadano pojavi na drugom mjestu, i to u začaranom krugu, koji se je okretao strmoglavnom brzinom. Samo su čitavi ljudi to mogli podnositi – i još i druge moliti, nagovarati, uvjeriti pa i prisiliti – da podnašaju. Pobočnik Laslo, kao nitko drugi znao je sve izgladiti, sve dovesti u red, sve staviti u pogon. Bio je organization, bio je pravnik, zapovjednik, drug, brat i prijatelj.

JURE GAZI DRINU VODU…

Ni ta pjesma nije nastala na Drini, nego na Janka Pusti. Laslo je bio odredjen za tu misiju, on se spremao za tu misiju, on ju je predvidio, jer je bio vojnik i to inteligentan vojnik. Sve je u njemu bilo vojničko. To je od prvog časa bilo jasno nama svima.

Prigodom jedne noćne vježbe, kada smo na gumenom čamcu prelazili preko ribnjaka na drugu stranu, Laslo je bio u čamcu zapovjednik “trojke”, koja je nastojala preći preko. Ja sam bio zapovjednik “graničara”, koji su čuvali obalu. Vjerno smo vršili svaki svoju dužnost, ali mjesečina je odala Laslinu trojku i primietili smo, da guraju čamac i ulaze u vodu. (Najprije smo imali drvene čamce za ove vježbe, a kasnije gumene športske, koji su se mogli montirati i demontirati u tri minute i u posebnim naprtnjačama nositi na ledjima.) Opalio sam slijepi nabob i neutralni promatrači su, prema običaju, dali zvaždaljkom znak, da je čamac pogodjen. To znači, da je pokušaj propao. Da, ali Laslo je uzeo “rodu”, pa u ribnjak, a dvojici je pratilaca zapovjedio, da otvore vatru, jer su naišli na “zasjedu”. Pa iako je zvižduk naglasio, da je pokušaj propao, kao i toliko puta na ovim vježbama, Laslo je nastavio gaziti i plivati, stigao na našu stranu, bacio bombu na zasjedu i potrčao u tamu. Značilo je, da je odlučio proslijediti na drugu stranu, jer je imao za zapovijed predati na izvjestno mjesto poruke.

Dvojicu je pratilaca ostavio, da vatrom štite njegov nasilni prielaz. Tada je u tim poslovima bio još novak, dok sam ja već imao bogatu graničnu prošlost. Tada sam poslie vježbe, grijući se i sušeći, zadirkivali Lasla i prevail: “Gazi Laslo Drinu vodu i bori se za slobodu…” I smijali se slatko, jer cilj ovih vježba nije bio nasilni prielaz u ratu, ni “boriti se za slobodu”, nego prijeći ribnjak neopazice u predpostavci, da je to država i da se na jednoj strani nalaze srpski četnici i graničari, a na drugoj madžarski graničari i žandari, koji bi bezuvjetno vatrom pomogli svaku pucnjavu protiv Srba, pa maker to bili i kriomčari, iako bi nas poslije obrane zatvorili, izpitivali, oduzel nam oružje, zaplienili čamce itd. Bilo je benevolence (dobrostivosti, sklonosti, naklonosti, mo.) u pravim prielazima preko Države od strane Madžara ako je došlo do pucnjave, a razlog je bio taj, jer su fanatički mrzili Srbe, pa je svaki od njih bio osobno voljan pomoći i crnom vragu, a kamo li ne nama, koje su zvali “Horvat i Bošnjak šogor”.

U to vrieme pobočnik Zmaj je bio zapovjednik svih graničnih i konspirativnih djelatnosti, a ja sam bio član i kasnije ref jedne “trojke”, zatim “gnjiezda”, “uporišta”, vršio kurirsku službu, osiguravao nasilno prelaženje itd. Laslo je nakon neuspjeha sa “gaženje Drine code” htio preći sve te postage i Bego je to od vremena do vremena dopuštao. “Nasilno prebacivanje” je onda, kada se dobije zapovijed pod svaku cienu prihvatiti one, koji dolaze iz Domovine i do nose “Temeljna pisma”, material ili dovode ljude, kao što je to bilo s grupom “C-C” Zagreb itd.

Jedan od tih pohvata je bio doček “dvojke” Pižeta – Posezi. Ubačeni su i odlazili u Zagreb i dolazili natrag. Kada je naše “granično gnjiezdo” postal kurira, da je dobio obaviest, da dolazi rečena dvojka s važnim materialom, reče dobri Zmaj: “Laslo, danas možeš, ako hoćeš gazit Muru i Dravu, ali Pižeta i Posezi moraju ovamo stići, živi ili mrtvi”.

Kako je bio sretan! Pošli smo iz Letenja i u kući prijatelja, kojih smo uz duž granice imali mnogo, ostavili smo kamion, i s ribarskom mrežom, obučeni kao ribari, s čamcem na ramenima (drveni čamci) preko šume na granicu, na Muru. Trebalo je zaobići ljudska naselja i mjesta, kuda su prolazili madžarski oružnici i graničari. Svaka akcija, koju su primietili bila je unpaired osudjena na propast. Sreća, da Madžarska u ono vrieme nije imala mnogo vojske, da nam je pučanstvo bilo podpuno sklono i da je čitavo obalno pučanstvo sastavljeno gotovo izključivo od Hrvata ili pomadžarenih Hrvata, koji su svi govorili hrvatski. A mnogi su od službenika zažmirili na jedno i poneki i na oba oka, iako ih je više radi toga čak i službu izgubio.

Dvadeset kilometara smo nosili težki čamac na ramenima, jer smo htjeli imati i drugi, uz onaj stalni, za svaki slučaj. Dan nas je zatekao u žbunju na samoj granici, promatrajući drugu stranu. (Ovo me podsjeća na čitanje knjige Fidela Castra o njegovoj revoliciju 1956-1959 i njegovih 81 revolucionaraca koji su se borili protiv Juan Baptista, tadašnjeg predsjednika Cube. Mo.Otporaš.) Rode i puške virile su iz žbunja i čekao se znak naših, koje je dovodio naš čovjek Tomina, iz poznate Gjelekvočke grupe. Pižeta i Posezi bili su prieko i kako su bili primjećeni, digla se bila kukai motika na njih. Bili su skriveni u snopu žita, odnosno u dva snopa. Oružnici su gonili narod, i ljudi su predvodjeni lugarima, poljarima i lovcima, sa sjekirama u ruci lupali po grmlju. Jedan seljak sa pištoljem u ruci naišao je na snom, gdje je bio Posezi s rodom uperenom i pogledom, koji je govorio više nego rieči. Seljak je brzo zatvorio snom i nastavio put. Kad je pala noć Posezi i Pižeta su se izvukli i pošli do Tomine, koji ih je drugu noć doveo na granicu.

Leslo, ja, Rašan (kasniji satnik, poginuo) i Grga (Raić) kasniji bojnik PTB-a, ležali smo skoro 48 sati u grmlju. To su bili najteži časovi (momenti, mo.) moga života. Milijuni komaraca grizli su nam ruke i obraz, a nesnošljiva vrućina ogorčavala je život. Svaki pogled i šum mogao je značiti, da naši dolaze, da padaju u ruke neprijatelja. Nismo se smjeli micati, da se ne odamo. Na drugoj strani hodali su srpski graničari, četnici sa pima. Pižeta i Posezi bili su obojica na smrt osudjeni, i bili su dragi drugovi. Donosili su važne stvari i na nama je bilo, da ih spasimo. Oteglo se sve u vječnost i samo se čulo zujanje milijuna komaraca.

Konačno smo čuli strašnu detonaciju na drugoj strani. Tu je Laslov čas. Nije treblo govoriti. Da mu se nije tada udovoljilo, skresao bi nam bio svoj samokres u čelo. Munjevitom brzinom hvatamo čamac i guramo ga prema vodi. Laslo uskače kao ris, da se čamac skoro prevrnuo. Za njim skačemo ja i “Ferko” (Rašan), a Grga odgurne čamac i za čas smo plovili, presjecali Muru. Ferko i Grga su veslali kao malo tko, a Laslo i ja smo držali rode na spremni!

Svaki je imao “Rodu” (Mauser) sa 1000 naboja, što u najbojnjačama, što u naprtnjači (željezna rezerva 500), i 2 revolvera. Još nimo stigli na drugu obalu, kad padne pet do šest hitaca iz puške i nakon toga tišina. Tomina je naše prihvatio i napao bombama na zasjedu, koju je svakako treblo likvidirati. I mi i naši, na drugoj strani mjesecima smo ležali na granici i pratili kretanje srbskih obhodnja, zasjeda, nadzor i svaki smo novi sistem odgonetnuli. Na cieloj Dravi i Muri od Komprvnice do austrijske granice, bile su pojačane straže, a u pozadini sav narod dignut i sve premetnuto.

U času kada smo stigli na drugu obalu i povukli čamac na sumo, otvorila se strašna paljba na sve strane. Sa svih srbskih “izvidnica” se čulo pucanje. “Izvidnice” su bili tornjovi ili mjesta na drveću uzduž ciele granice. “Zasjede” su bile izvanredne obhodnje ukopane svaki put na drugom mjestu, a mi smo stalnim promatranjem naših “gniezda” t.j. prijatelja uz granicu znali kretanje isti. Na svako kretanje izvan ovog srbski su graničari odmah pucali, pa makar bio samo zec. Zauzeli smo mostobran. Dobro smo poznavali teren, točno smo znali, gdje se može čamcem pristati, gdje su brzice na Muri, Dravi itd.

Jedna srbska graničarska obhodnja od tri konjanika jurila je prema granici. Obasipamo ju vatrom. Laslo je imao oči sokolove i primjetio je Tominu, Posezija i Pižetu, koji su svom snagom trčali kroz jarak prema njima. Tada otvaramo vatru prema prostoru, od kuda smo čuli pucnjavu i prema konjanicima. Laslo obara jednog od njih i prihvaća trojku. Ostaje zadnji i pravi sa Tominom mostobran, dok naša druga grupa sa madžarske strane sa Zmajom dovodi drugi čamac i preuzimlje Lasla i Tominu, a mi držimo vatru s madžarske strane.

Zmaj preuzimlje izcrpljenu trojku i gubi se u pravcu šume, a Laslo i naša grupa grozničavo radimo na potapljanju čamaca. Čuje se vika Madžara. Civili bježe radi pucnjave, a vojnici – graničari zauzimlju svoja mjesta i podržavaju vatru na srbske graničare, koji su pucali prema nama. Nema vremena za izvlačenje čamaca i potapljamo ih. Bacamo se u vodu, jer hitch padaju na sve strane. Nalog je spasiti se tko može i svaki za svoj račun. Jednu pušku bacamo u mulj (već ćemo je izvući), oružje stavljamo u naprtnjače i gnjurimo u vodu i pod vodom gnjurimo prema trsju, koje je bilo u blizini. Ferko i ja se izvlačimo, a Laslo i Grga padaju u ruke Madžara. Slegla se pucnjava, stigle obhodnje sa svih strana , a ova dvojica ponavljaju priču, kako su sada pobjegli iz Jugoslavije, da su Madžari iz Slavonije i mole politički azil. Zapovjednik postaje Haračin poznaje Grgu, ali šuti kao i prije. Borio se u B. H 3! Bio zaljubljen u Ustaše – i radi toga izgubio službu. Ali je posvjedočio kao i obhodnja, da su vidili goloruke ljude bježati prema granici, da su Srbi pucali za njima, da su preplivali i t.d. Upućeni su u Letenje, zatim na preslušavanje u Kanižu – i moral početi iznova – na drugom području. bego je Lasla odveo sa sobom u Peštu na “studio”, jer je već bio poznat u okolici i onemogućen mu svaki rad.

Tada tek dolazi Laslo u mogućnost da napreduje. U Pešti se sastaje sa “Hetmanom” (general Moškov), “Gašom” (pukovnik Balenović), Fičurom (kasniji domobranski bojnik), bojnikom Petričevićem, Metzgerom i drugima.

VIŠA VOJNIČKA ŠKOLA

Otišao sam nakon par dana sa Ferkom i izvadio rodu i Laslovu naprtnjaču. Bego došao po mene i sastali se na Balatonu izvan “granične zone”. Laslo mi donio pregršt madžarskih vojničkih knjiga i kaže: “Moramo se pripraviti za vodjenje vojske”. Bego se smješi kao otac, kada vidi, da mu sin napreduje u hodanju. Bio je sretan i nad nama je uviek lebdila njegova ruka.

Hetman, lasso i ja počimamo i s novim naporima, s novim idejama k novim horizontima. Odputovali smo na Bazu pustu, gdje smo imali krasne vinograde. K nama stiže Balenović Gašo. Daje nam upute kako treba učiti. Razašnjuje nam stvari. Svadjamo se, jer on zna više, on je professor, ali… mi imamo svoje poglede. Glavnostožerni pukovnik Perčević pokušava davati nam lekcije, ali ne ide. Metzger, nekada zapovjednik posebnih jurišnih sastava i strah i trepet ruske fronte, kojeg su Madžari imenovali svojim vitezom za bezbrojna junačka djela, što ih je počinio kao hrvatski častnik, prodorniji je, ali ne shvaća, da dolazi novo doba. Neće ni da čuje o tome, da komunizam sprema svjetsku revoluciju, da će novi rat biti drugčiji. Svi su ti ljudi vidjeli divizije, pukovnije, bojne, vojnike – ali ne vide revolucije, gerile, podzemnog rata, ustanka, ni revolucije!

Bego je sve više shvaćao, jer se je borio na Crnom Vrhu protiv četnika i srpske vojske. No je s mladima! Vječno mlad i vječno pristupačan. On kaže: “Poglavnik vam poručuje, učite, učite”! Rastajemo se. Postajem zapovjednik Janka Puste, zatim šef “linije” t.j. cielokupnog rada na granici , upravni pobočnik i konačno zamjenik zapovjednika Područja. Ali se vidjamo.

Laslo je i opet došao krcat knjigama, mapama, idejama. Sada smo se već svadjali nas dva. On je bio uvjeren, da treba zatvoriti Drinu i da je s tim sve svršeno, dok sam ja bio uvjeren, da je riešenje u pozadini, u revoluciji, u borbi s našim vlasima, sa komunistima, koji ne poznaju granicu, forma ni zakona. I opet smo vršili – u većem stilu – istu operaciju, ali na mapi (čitaj karti, mo.) Hrvatske, a ne na pedlju zemlje blagoslovljene i proklete Janka Puste. Volili smo se i svadjali se, jer smo do u srž bili absorbirani problemom Hrvatske. (E, dragi moj i dragi naš generale ti kažeš “…da ste bili absorbirani problemom Hrvatske…” na Janka Pusti. A mi, pojedinci iz hrvatske druge političke emigracije 82 godine poslije Janka Puste, dakle godine 2016., kada Hrvati imaju Hrvatsku Državu u obliku bumeranga, smo još uvijek ABSORBIRANI PROBLEMOM HRVATSKE, koji nam ni spavati mirno neda. Mo. Otporaš.)

“DVA TOPA”

I tada je došla priča o “dva topa”, koju smo tek nas par znali, dok su drugi midlili, da se ne slažemo i da smo rival! Nakon što smo se posvadili sa svim starima i formalno se zamjerili našim profesorima, razčlanjivali smo stvari, u tom razčlanjivanju oštrili našu inteligenciju i vojničko znnje. Na jednoj teoretskoj vježbi nad mapom, ja sam zarobio dva topa i to jednim gerilskim prepadom na pozicije otraga. Laslo to nije priznao i tada smo skresali jedan drugome, od prilike onako, kako to danas naša braća odbornici pojedinih družtava, diljem svieta, skrešu jedan drugome… (To je točno generale! U smirivanju živaca ja sam prožvakao par kila čačkalica prilikom prepirka i, kako ti kažeš “svađa” na sastancima, i to s članovima iste organizacije, istih pogleda, istog mišljenja. Te “svađe” su bile prijateljske, organizacijske naravi i u traženju boljih puteva. Mo. Otporaš.)

A onda je došao 9. IX. 1934. godine, kada su Laslo i Maks bili skupa…

Nastao je i opet lov, posebno na one, koji su po sudovima za zaštitu države u Beogradu bili osuđeni na smrt. Po madžarskim ulicama se prolivao šampanjac, ljudi se grlili po cesti, plesalo se po trgovima, a madjarski svirači svirali divlje čardaše. Srbija i Češka zaprietile se, da će marširati na Madžarsku, ako ne preda hrvatske emigrante.

Laslo i ja stvorili smo zapovied, koja je sadržavala upute. Poglavnik me je postavio za zapovjednika Područja I., i odredio, da moram sačuvati ljude, oružje i veze. Bego, Laslo, Pižeta, Posezi, Katušić i drugi lete u avionu, kojeg nam je dao na raspolaganje jedan Begin prijatelj. Oni imaju zapovied napustiti Madžarsku. Stisak ruke, poljubac u obraz, – i avion na imanju jednog prijatelja hvata visinu i nestaje prema Austriji, a ja ostajem u zemlji, gdje je proglašena hajka na Hrvate i “statarium” – obsadno stanje – odredjuje, da će svaki, tko bez prava posjeduje oružje, biti po oružnicima na licu mjesta streljan. Odšarafljena bomba i dva nabijena samokresa, pogled medju nama i odluka: vršimo dužnost do kraja.

Najbolji su otišli već prije. Zmaj, Silni, Dragec, Grga, sada odlaze Bego, Laslo, careen, Mali i dr. Još na vrieme prije “velikog dogadjaja” (tj. pogibija srpskog kralja u Marseille-u, mo. Mile.) odpremljena je oveća grupa u “reserve”, a drugi premješteni u log ore u Italiju.

Počima novi život, ali duh Bege (Vjekoslav Servatzy, mo.) i Lasla nas vodi! Idemo u nepoznato, u neizvjesnost, ali smo sretni, jer smo sklonili starije i bolestne na vrieme, a najbolji – Bego i Laslo odlaze na sigurno. Oni su nam uzor i nada, duh Janka Puste je u njima! Bego i Laslo odnose Janka Pustu sa sobom, i ostajemo nas šaka, da čuvamo čast, oružje i veze, jer – borba dolazi!

SA MARKOVA TRGA NA DRINU

Što znače godine u životu jednog zdravog Pokreta? Sedam godina progona, zatvora, izručivanja i interniranja nije ostavilo traga. Jedni su bježali iz Njemačke u Francusku, drugi iz Madžarske u Rumunjsku, treći iz Austrije u – Jugoslaviju! Tada nismo imali baš ni jednog prijatelja, doli Boga na nebesima i Poglavnika u internaciji. Mile Budak, Doglavnik Ustaškog Pokreta vraća se u Domovinu i okuplja borbenu mladež, diže duh naroda bez saveznika! Pobočnik Laslo (Jure Francetić, mo. Mile.) prije polka u Domovinu poručuje mi u Peštu preko prijatelja: “Čuvaj mi rodu, ja idem u Domovinu, i nastavljamo, gdje smo počeli”. Svi strepimo pred onim, što mu se je moglo dogoditi. Uzpostavlja se veza. Mi smo u Madžarskoj uspjeli kamuflirati se. Govorili smo već perfektno jezik, namjestili se, po neki od nas veoma dobro, sa dobrim prihodima – i počimamo iz nova. Obnavljamo veze i uz dvostruku opreznost idemo napried.

Unatoč svega naše su veze gotovo netaknute i granično područje i opet je u pogonu. Svima je jasno, da dolazi rat i da taj rat i mi moramo izkoristiti. Pobočnik Laslo vrši svoju težku dužnost kao nitko od nas. Izložen je nepovjerenju pred onima, koji zamjeraju, što se je vratio, (u Domovinu, mo.) a radi dvostruko i stvara ustaške vojne ćelije za budući rat i ustanak. Stari Došen (Marko Došen i prvi ministar Hrvatske Državne Vlade NDH, mo.) okuplja u Budimpešti ustašku grupu, koja je legalno djelovala i politički radila, a ja, Ferko, Tomas, Blaško, Gazdić, Hermanec, Herceg, Volf, Mika, Tišler i drugi kamufliramo se, postajemo Madžari i ilegalno nastavljamo uz pomoć naših starih prijatelja. Odkida se od usta u prvo vrieme, a kasnije uspievam dobiti unosan položaj, koji nam je omogućio rad. (Radi se ovdje o tome da je tadašnji Maks Luburić postao ministar u madžarskoj vladi poljoprivrede, i kao takav zarađivao je toliko da je bilo dovoljno podmirivati troškove ustaške djelatnosti u Mađarskoj, mo.) Pobočnik Laslo radi i traži material i mi mu ga šaljemo. Šalje emisare, počinju dolaziti i drugi prijatelji i kažu, da je sve zrelo. K nama!

Povratio sam se na Markov Trg u ustaškoj uniform i velebitskoj pelerini, s rodom na ramenima i našao se sa starim prijateljima. Bego nas je odmah okupio i tu smo bili uz njega: Hetman (Moškov), Laslo (Francetić) i ja. Bego (Vjekoslav Servazty, mo) stvara zapovjedničtvo: Ustaški Vojni Stožer, a nas trojica smo mu pomoćnici. S nama je “major” Tomislav Sertić, koji je stigao k nama u Peštu nakon Marseille-a, i bio meni novi professor belikologije, ratnog umieća. On mi je dao jasnu sliku srbske vojske i njezinih mogućnosti. Logično je, da smo se našli na Markovom Trgu.

“Ustaški Vojni Stožer” samo je matica. Brzo se razilazimo. Francetić traži, da ga se šalje na Drinu i to je bilo posve razumljivo svima nama. Idemo do Poglavnika s Begom – i Jure sav sretan ode s nekim kamionima, koji su donijeli novac iz Sarajeva – ice put svoje Drine i svoje glorie! (Svoje slave, mo.) Kada je polazio nije imao vremena ponieti niti svojih osobnih stvari, tek smo za njim u kamion bacili svežanj sa odorom i nešto cigareta.

Položen je temelj Crnoj Legiji i pohodu na Drinu. Moškov preuzima stvaranje Poglavnikove Tjelesne Bojne za osobnu sigurnost Poglavnika i stražu na Markovom Trgu; a mi sa Mijom Babićem i Pivcem stvaramo Obranbene Sdrugove – i demo ugušiti četnički i komunistički pokret u Srbu i Lipacu. Bego pokušava stvoriti Vojnu Krajinu, njegov stari san, ali ga Niemci i Talijani torpediraju, i srbstvo počima sa paklenim planom klanja hrvatskih muslimana.

To je čas Jure Francetića!

Tu je deržanstvo Crne Legije. Drži se hrvatsko Sarajevo, stvaraju se legije muslimanskih koljenovića, stare hrvatske ratničke i plemičke kaste, dižu se muhadžiri, i Legija pod vodstvom Jure Francetića neodoljivo maršira prema Drini. Velebitski junk Ranko Boban, hercegovački seljak i radnik u Belgiji, bori se kao lav i bere lovorke poput noih predja, koji su kroz tisuće godina branili duhovni naš center, naše Duvanjsko Polje, gdje smo krunili kraljeve svoje krvi.

Sin kršnog Velebita, gorostas Franjo Sudar postaje opjevani junk marša na Drinu! On je svakako jedan od najpopularnijih hrvatskih častnika i njegovi ga vojnici, muslimani Istočne Bosne upravo obožavaju, te ga od milja zovu Osman beg.

Delko Bogdanić je vrstni častnik i Jure postavlja jedne za drugim nove zviezde, koje blistaju na našem vojničkom obzorju. Jure je vrstan vojskovođa i okuplja veliki broj odličnih vojnika i ratnika, koji se smatraju sretnima, da mogu služiti pod zapovjedničtvom te nove hrvatske vojničke nade. Pukovnik Stipetić, pukovnik Šimić, i mnogo drugih kite se sa ponosnim “U” i izgledalo je, da će Jure ostvariti sve naše vojničke težnje.

I kada je stigao na Drinu, već je bio legendarna ličnost u srdcima cielog naroda. Svaki je korak na sniegu bio obilčježen crninom odore i crvenilom krvi hrvatskih koljenovića časti i oružja, i tada je za uvijek riešeno pitanje, koje još nije bilo riešeno i medju nama Hrvatima dviju vjera, i medju nama Hrvatima i Srbima s onu stranu Drine. Tada su legionari i sva Hrvatska pjevali:

“Jure gazi Drinu vodu,
i bori se za slobodu”.

San sa ribnjaka Janka Puste postao je krvava stvarnost, pobočnik Laslo postage generalom Hrvatski Oružanih Snaga i zapovjednik Stajaćih Sdrugova Ustaške Vojnice.

Kao što je Jure uvidio, da je neprijatelj ne samo preko Drine, od kuda dolazi i pojačava neprijatelja iz nutra, nego i u “Kozaračkoj”, “Lasinjskoj” i t.d. “republici”, gdje su vladali srbokomunisti unutar našeg područja, tako nam je svima bilo jasno, da nema reda unutra, da nema obstanka Države bez zatvaranja granice na Drini! I valjda je sudbina htjela, da on dade život u borbi sa srbokomunistima u pozadini, na Kordunu i blizu svoje Like.

Slično je bilo i sa mnom jer sam na kraju rata, pro povlačenju, bio od Glavnog Stana Poglavnika poslan kao glavni zapovjednik svih snaga na operativno područje srednje i istočne Bosne i Hercegovine. Tu sam preuzeo ulogu Jure Francetića i imao podredjenu izmedju ostalih i Crnu Legiju, (Ja bih se s ovim složio, jer, kako Maks kaže: “…da je bio poslan od Glavnog Stana Poglavnika kao glavni zapovjednik svih snaga na operativnom području…” gdje je bila i Crna Legija, automatski i po svim vijničkim kriterijama, normama i pravilima i Crna Legija bila je podredjena zapovjedništvu Maksa Luburića, mo. Otporaš.) kao i njemačke jedinice na Ivan planini.

I nije mnogo manjkalo, da tu ulogu završim slično kao i Jure, jer me je jedan zrakoplovac Slovenac htio u jednom letu odvesti na partizansko područje, i na kraju, kad me je Poglavnik pozvao u Zagreb na podnašanje izvješća, doživjeli smo zračni napad i pad, – ja jedini ostao poštedjen u avionu, dva su pilot težko postradali, a ja sam prošao sa težkim potresom mozga.

Tako nam je vojnička sudbina davala i mienjala uloge, jer je Jure stradao na “mom” Kordunu, na području, kamo sam bio ja upućen već 1941. da pacificiram Drvar, Grabovo, Lapac, i odakle sam radi napada na Talijane u Žutoj Lokvi morao skupa sa Pivcem otići na novu dužnost u Slavoniju na Papuk.

Na Ivan planini sam našao i našeg dragog “Blaža”, vodnika sa Janka Puste, nekada Jurinog i mog zapovjednika, a sada satnika Crne Legije, koji je nedavno umro u Njemačkoj. (Ante Potočnik.) (Za podsjetiti je da je ovo Ustaša Maks pisao u DRINI br. 4/7, lipanj 1955, što bi moglo značiti da je taj “…naš dragi “Blaž”…” (Ante Potočnik) nedavno (1955) u Njemačkoj. Mo. Otporaš.)

Crna Legija stigla je u vršenju nosioca Antunovske strategije nakon pohoda na Drinu i na sam Jadran, ali se je kasnije morala povući. Svi smo mi kao jedan tražili, da se sve ustaške snage sjedine u Ustašku Vojnicu, koja bi pod vodstvom Krilnika Jure Francetića neodoljivo stupala do konačne pobjede. Da do toga nije došlo, ima se zahvaliti samo i jedino bolestnim ambicijama ustaškog dezertera Dide, koji je već onda spekulirao u svojoj nutrini i bio onakav, kakav se je svima nama predstavio u svojim člancima u “Hrvatskoj Reviji” i odurnom pamfletu “Hrvatsko Antunovo”. (Kako sam želio komentirati na ovu Luburićevu izjavu što se tiče Dide (Eugena Kvaternika), pregledao sam brojeve Hrvatske Revije tih godina i naisam niti jednu pronašao u kojima je Dido pisao, jer ih nemam. Ali tada je Dido bio živ (1909-1962) i ako je čitao ovo što je Ustaša Maks (na)pisao, mogao je i imao je priliku sve ovo opovrći. Mo. Otporaš.) Zahvaljujući tom bolestnom Azevu ustaške revolucije, Ustaštvo je izgubilo svoj jedini vojnički auktoritet, koji je povrh sviju nas bio za čitavu jednu klasu!

Našli smo se još zajedno na Kozari, prije velike offensive, kada nam još Vojskovođa nije htio vjerovati, da je Kozara druga Drina, ali iznutra, ona opasnost, o kojoj sam se nekada svadjao sa “starima”, pa poslije i sa Jurom, koji je vidio riešenje svih problema zatvaranjem Drine.

Jure je pošao iz Dubice i Jasenovca, a ja preko Gradiške i Orahova u jedan divlji nalet, u kojem smo oba skršili zube: on se je vratio s prostreljenom kapom i rukavom, a ja sa prostreljenom nogom. tada mi je rekao: “Imao si pravo, ona dva topa su tvoja bila…”

Poglavnik je imao sliepu vjeru u Juru i to smo mišljenje svi dielili. “Dali ćeš primiti mjesto zapovjednika organizatorskog odjela nove velike ustaške koncetracije”? – pita me Jure! – “Da, Laslo, zašto to treba i pitati”. Moškov, Sertić, Bego i 99 posto svih ustaških zapovjednika nadali smo se, da će Jure spasiti Hrvatsku i provost mačem u ruci misli Otca Domovine i volju Poglavnika. Slično su mislili i skoro svi Domobrani, posebno mladji element. Dido bi trebao poviestno odgovarati, jer je tada bio čas i nikada više nije došao, jer je sa ustaškim Krilnikom Jurom Francetićem nestalo prvog i jading zapovjednika, koji je dorastao bio zadaći.

– “Hoćeš mi dati jednu kompletnu bojnu” pitao me je? “Hoću Jure dvie, poruči i bojna kreće na put”. I nije poručio, jer je u vršenju svoje svete dužnosti pao pod sjekirama onih, koji su tako dokončali život i drugom velikom ustaši i revolucionarcu u Rakovici. (General ovdje misli na dra. Eugena Kvaternika Rakovačkog iz 1871. godine, mo. Mile.)

Kada me je Bego pozvao k sebi i kada sam tamo našao Sertića, Moškova, Jucu Rukavinu i druge nieme i bez rieči, jasno mi je bilo, da se dogodilo nešto velika: Jure se već dva dana nije javio…

Poglavniku je desna ruka bila odsječena! Pao je ustaški i vojnički ponos! Prvi i najbolji medju nama! Pao je da vječno živi, kao i tisuće vjernih Crnaca.

Ustaša Laslo – S nama je!

Ustaša Maks.

Kraj ovog opisa o Krilniku Juri Francetiću, konspirativno ime “Laslo”. Prepisao Mile Boban, Otporaš.


Komentari

29 komentara na “ŽIVOTNE USPOMENE JURE FRANCETIĆA I MAKSA LUBURIĆA SA “JANKA PUSTE””

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    ## Effective Link Building Techniques

    ### Article Creation & Promotion

    Creating valuable posts that organically gains links is a core strategy for efficient link
    building. Listed below are some advice:

    – Create informative articles that solve typical questions in your field.

    – Create infographics that present intricate information in an digestible way.

    – Create comprehensive manuals on subjects that are important to your audience.

    ### Guest Blogging

    Guest articles is another successful method to acquire authoritative
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    Make sure that your guest posts are of high-quality and
    include a hyperlink to your page.

    ### Broken Link Fixing

    Broken link fixing is a technique that involves discovering broken links on other sites and proposing your content
    as a substitute. This not only aids the site owner repair their broken link but also offers you a high-quality link.

    ### Contact and Collaboration

    Building networks with other influencers in your industry is
    a sustainable strategy for link building. Below are some actions
    to consider:

    – Participate in discussion boards pertaining
    to your industry.
    – Promote other users’ posts and give constructive comments.

    – Partner on joint initiatives such as research studies.

    ### Social Platforms

    Sharing your articles on social media can boost its visibility and likelihood to get hyperlinks.
    Engage with your community on networks like Twitter and Pinterest to build a robust brand.

    ## Evaluating the Performance of Your Link Building
    Efforts

    ### Software for Link Analysis

    Many software are out there to help you assess the performance of your link building campaign. Some well-known software include:

    – Google’s Analytics
    – Ahrefs
    – Moz
    – SEMrush
    – Majestic

    ### Indicators to Monitor

    When measuring the success of your link building efforts,
    consider the next measures:

    – DA
    – Page Authority
    – Quantity of referring domains
    – Authority of links
    – Hits coming from hyperlinks

    ### Tweaking Your Approach

    Depending on the data gathered from your assessment, adjust your link building plan to boost its effectiveness.
    This might include focusing on various categories of content, focusing on new platforms, or
    refining your communication approach.

    ## Common Pitfalls in Link Building and How to Prevent Them

    ### Bad Links

    Among the common mistakes is obtaining poor links from unrelated
    or spammy pages. Such backlinks may harm your webpage’s
    online presence.

    ### Excessive Optimization

    Utilizing keyword-rich hyperlink text excessively can result in punishments from Google.
    Strive for a natural blend of hyperlink text.

    ### Overlooking Nofollow Tags

    While nofollow attributes aren’t pass ranking juice, they can nonetheless bring hits and enhance brand awareness.

    ## Upcoming Changes in Link Building

    ### Artificial Intelligence and Backlink Acquisition

    As the evolution of AI, link building techniques are turning more sophisticated.
    Artificial intelligence applications can help in discovering valuable link opportunities
    and anticipating their effect on search engine ranking.

    ### Voice-Activated Search and SEO

    The rise of voice search will be changing the method information is retrieved.
    This is expected to impact link building by altering the focus to natural
    queries and specific queries.

    ## Conclusion

    Efficient link building is a vital part of search engine
    optimization. By understanding the significance of reputable backlinks, implementing diverse strategies, and continuously evaluating your campaigns, you are able to improve your webpage’s
    authority and reach better rankings on Google.

    By staying informed with the latest trends and avoiding frequent
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  9. ## Comprehending the Significance of Link Building

    Link building includes getting hyperlinks from other sites to your own. Such backlinks are
    seen as approvals of trust by Bing. The more authoritative links you possess, the better your webpage’s
    likelihood of appearing better on search engine results pages.

    ## Kinds of Backlinks

    ### Editorial Links

    Organic links are earned without requiring effort
    from the website owner. These links occur when other websites find your
    posts valuable and cite it.

    ### Outreach Links

    Solicited links include deliberately acquiring links from other sites.

    This can involve reaching out to bloggers, soliciting links to your site.

    ### User-Generated Links

    User-Generated links are built by adding your website’s link to forums.
    Even though these links can offer a fast increase, they often include low
    quality and can lead to punishments from search engines.

    ## Effective Link Building Techniques

    ### Article Creation & Promotion

    Creating valuable content that naturally attracts links is a fundamental method for successful link building.
    Below are some advice:

    – Develop high-quality content that solve common questions in your field.

    – Develop visuals that display detailed information in an simple way.

    – Write comprehensive manuals on areas that are valuable to your readers.

    ### Guest Blogging

    Guest blogging is a further successful strategy to acquire authoritative hyperlinks.
    This entails producing posts for other publications in your industry.
    Be certain that your guest posts maintain high-quality and contain a link to your
    site.

    ### Broken Link Fixing

    Broken link repairing is a method that involves locating broken links on other pages and suggesting your page as a alternative.
    This does more than aids the website owner fix their broken link but
    additionally offers you a authoritative link.

    ### Connecting and Relationship Building

    Building networks with other influencers in your industry is a sustainable method
    for link building. Below are some actions to consider:

    – Participate in discussion boards about your field.

    – Promote other users’ content and provide constructive
    input.
    – Collaborate on joint projects such as webinars.

    ### Social Platforms

    Sharing your articles on social media can increase its reach and likelihood to earn backlinks.
    Interact with your community on platforms like Twitter and Instagram to build a robust brand.

    ## Evaluating the Effectiveness of Your Link Building Efforts

    ### Applications for Link Analysis

    Several software are accessible to aid you measure the success of your link building
    strategy. Some popular tools include:

    – Google’s Analytics
    – Ahrefs’ Site Explorer
    – Moz’s Link Explorer
    – SEMrush’s Backlink Audit
    – Majestic

    ### Indicators to Monitor

    When evaluating the success of your link building campaign, take into account the upcoming
    indicators:

    – Domain Rating
    – PA
    – Quantity of backlink sources
    – Quality of backlinks
    – Visitors referred by hyperlinks

    ### Tweaking Your Approach

    Depending on the data collected from your analysis, modify your link
    building plan to boost its performance. This could entail concentrating on various categories of articles, aiming
    at other sites, or refining your outreach strategy.

    ## Common Pitfalls in Link Building and How to Prevent
    Them

    ### Low-Quality Links

    One major common errors is obtaining bad links from non-relevant or low-authority sites.
    Such links might damage your website’s online presence.

    ### Excessive Optimization

    Using keyword-rich link text frequently can result in sanctions from Google.
    Strive for a diverse blend of hyperlink text.

    ### Neglecting Nofollow Links

    Although nofollow links aren’t transfer ranking value, they may nevertheless bring
    hits and improve brand awareness.

    ## Future Developments in Link Building

    ### Machine Learning and Backlink Acquisition

    As the advancement of AI, link building strategies are becoming more advanced.
    Artificial intelligence applications can help in identifying relevant link opportunities and forecasting
    the potential on SEO.

    ### Voice Search and SEO

    The rise of voice-activated search will be altering the method
    data is retrieved. This will affect link building by shifting emphasis to conversational phrases and specific keywords.

    ## Summary

    Effective link building is a essential aspect of SEO.
    By grasping the significance of reputable backlinks, implementing various methods, and regularly measuring
    your efforts, you can boost your website’s credibility and
    achieve greater rankings on search engines.

    By staying updated with the newest changes and preventing typical mistakes, you can operate in the
    dynamic landscape of SEO and achieve sustainable performance.

  10. ## Comprehending the Significance of Link Building

    Link building entails obtaining backlinks from other
    websites to your own. These backlinks are viewed as approvals of credibility by Bing.
    The more high-quality hyperlinks you have, the higher your site’s likelihood of ranking higher on SERPs.

    ## Types of Links

    ### Editorial Links

    Natural links are earned without actions from the webmaster.
    These links occur when other sites discover your articles relevant and
    cite it.

    ### Outreach Links

    Outreach links involve deliberately requesting links from other webmasters.
    This can include reaching out to bloggers, soliciting hyperlinks to your site.

    ### User-Generated Links

    Self-Created links are built by inserting your site’s link to blog comments.
    Although these links may provide a immediate boost, they frequently come with low authority
    and can cause penalties from search engines.

    ## Effective Link Building Strategies

    ### Article Creation & Promotion

    Creating valuable content that organically attracts links is a fundamental
    method for successful link building. Below are some advice:

    – Create high-quality content that answer frequent issues
    in your industry.
    – Develop infographics that present complex information in an easy-to-understand manner.

    – Write detailed guides on areas that are important to your audience.

    ### Guest Articles

    Guest posting is a further effective strategy to acquire authoritative links.
    This includes writing content for other blogs in your field.
    Be certain that your guest posts are top quality and contain a link
    to your page.

    ### Broken Link Repairing

    Broken link repairing is a strategy that entails discovering broken links on other sites and proposing your page as a alternative.
    This not only assists the webmaster correct their broken link but additionally gives
    you a valuable link.

    ### Contact and Relationship Building

    Building connections with other influencers in your niche
    is a enduring strategy for building links. Listed below are
    some steps to consider:

    – Get involved in discussion boards related to your field.

    – Promote other individuals’ posts and provide
    constructive feedback.
    – Work together on collaborative projects such as research studies.

    ### Social Networks

    Distributing your articles on social media can boost its visibility and potential to get links.

    Engage with your audience on platforms like LinkedIn and Reddit
    to build a robust brand.

    ## Evaluating the Effectiveness of Your Link Building Strategy

    ### Applications for Link Analysis

    Numerous applications are out there to help you measure the performance of your link building efforts.
    Some commonly used software such as:

    – GA
    – Ahrefs’ Site Explorer
    – Moz’s Link Explorer
    – SEMrush’s Backlink Audit
    – Majestic’s Tools

    ### Indicators to Monitor

    When measuring the success of your link building efforts,
    take into account the following metrics:

    – DA
    – Page Authority
    – Amount of linking domains
    – Quality of backlinks
    – Visitors referred by backlinks

    ### Adjusting Your Approach

    Depending on the data gathered from your analysis, tweak your link building strategy to improve its success.

    This might include focusing on various categories of articles, aiming at other platforms, or improving your outreach method.

    ## Frequent Mistakes in Link Building and How to Avoid Them

    ### Bad Links

    One of the common pitfalls is obtaining low-quality links from non-relevant or low-authority sites.
    These hyperlinks can hurt your webpage’s SEO.

    ### Over-Optimization

    Using over-optimized anchor text frequently can cause sanctions from search engines.
    Aim for a natural blend of hyperlink text.

    ### Ignoring Nofollow Links

    While nofollow attributes aren’t pass SEO juice, they may nonetheless drive
    visitors and enhance visibility.

    ## Emerging Changes in Link Building

    ### Machine Learning and Backlink Acquisition

    With the progress of artificial intelligence, link building techniques
    are turning more sophisticated. Artificial intelligence applications can help in identifying high-quality backlink sources and predicting the potential on SEO.

    ### Voice Search and SEO

    The rise of voice-activated search has been transforming the way
    information is consumed. This is likely to influence hyperlink strategies by shifting the focus to spoken language and long-tail queries.

    ## Final Thoughts

    Effective link building is a vital aspect of SEO. By comprehending the value of high-quality hyperlinks, applying
    diverse techniques, and continuously monitoring your efforts,
    you are able to improve your site’s credibility and attain greater positions
    on search engines.

    By keeping current with the latest changes and overcoming typical
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    world of search engine optimization and achieve enduring results.

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  21. Music sheets and scores constitute the backbone of
    musical creativity.

    Understanding Music Sheets and Scores
    Music sheets and scores comprise the transcribed
    form of musical pieces.

    Elements of Music Sheets and Scores
    1. **Musical staff:** The lines and spaces used to notate the pitch and
    duration of notes.
    2. **Symbols:** Symbols used to denote the pitch range of
    the notes.
    3. **Tones:** Symbols denoting the pitch and duration of a musical sound.

    4. **Rests:** Symbols indicating silence in music.
    5. **Rhythm:** Shows the number of beats in each measure and the note value of each beat.

    6. **Key Signature:** Indicates the key of the music by specifying which notes are
    sharp or flat.
    7. **Intensity:** Notations indicating the intensity of the music.

    8. **Expression:** Indicators of the expression or phrasing
    of notes.
    9. **Tempo:** The rate of the music’s execution.
    10. **Embellishments:** Symbols showing extra notes for decorative purposes.

    Reading Music Sheets and Scores
    Understanding music sheets and scores demands awareness of the various parts
    and symbols used.

    Benefits of Learning to Read Music Sheets and Scores
    1. **Improved Knowledge:** Improved knowledge of music sheets leads to
    a better grasp of music theory.
    2. **Broader Skill Set:** Musicians who read music can play a wider variety of pieces.

    3. **Improved Interaction:** Improved interaction with other musicians is possible when reading music.

    4. **Preservation of Music:** Documenting music through scores ensures its
    longevity.
    5. **Satisfaction:** Learning to read music can be
    a deeply fulfilling and rewarding experience.

    Tips for Beginners
    1. **Start Simple:** Begin with simple pieces and gradually move to more complex
    ones.
    2. **Practice Regularly:** Frequent practice is key to mastering music reading.

    3. **Use Resources:** Take advantage of available resources to aid in learning.

    4. **Find a Group:** Find a group of like-minded individuals to share your learning journey.

    5. **Be Patient:** Learning to read music takes time and effort.

    Advanced Techniques
    1. **Sight Reading:** The ability to read and play a piece
    of music on the spot without prior preparation.
    2. **Modulating:** The process of changing the key
    of a piece of music.
    3. **Building Chords:** Building chords to accompany a musical piece.

    4. **Ad-Libbing:** Ad-libbing music as it is played.

    5. **Personal Expression:** Bringing personal interpretation to the performance of
    music.

    Famous Composers and Their Scores
    1. **Beethoven:** Known for his complex and emotionally powerful compositions.

    2. **Mozart:** Celebrated for his clarity, balance, and natural elegance in music.

    3. **Bach:** Famous for his intricate and harmonically rich compositions.

    4. **P. I. Tchaikovsky:** Known for his ability to convey deep emotion through music.

    5. **C. Debussy:** Renowned for his innovative use of harmony and texture.

    Digital vs. Traditional Music Scores
    **Advantages of Digital Scores:**
    – Accessibility: Convenient for on-the-go use.

    – Modification: Easily editable and modifiable.
    – Storage: Easy to store and organize.

    **Benefits of Paper Music:**
    – Hands-On: Engaging tactile experience.
    – Resilience: Stands the test of time.
    – Visual Beauty: Aesthetic and artistic value.

    The Role of Technology in Music Scores
    Technology has revolutionized the way we interact with music scores.

    **Digital Sheet Music Apps:** Apps designed for
    digital sheet music make it easier to compose, edit, and share music scores.

    **Online Libraries:** Vast collections of sheet music are available through online
    libraries.
    **Interactive Learning Tools:** Interactive learning tools enhance music education.

    Conclusion
    Music sheets and scores play a crucial role to the craft of music.

    Whether you are a beginner or are experienced, comprehending how to read and work
    with music sheets and scores is valuable.

    Embrace the path of exploring music sheets and
    scores, and unlock the creative opportunities
    that lie ahead.

    The history of music sheets is a rich tapestry that stretches across ages.

    Early Beginnings
    The initial types of music notation go back to ancient civilizations.

    The ancient Greeks designed rudimentary music notation methods to document their rituals.

    The Greek Contribution
    Greek society made notable improvements to music notation.

    Medieval Innovations
    The medieval period experienced major developments in music
    notation.

    The Renaissance Era
    Renaissance brought a renewal of music, including music notation.

    Baroque and Classical Periods
    During the Classical periods, music notation evolved further, becoming increasingly detailed.

    The Romantic Era
    The Romantic era initiated novel expressive styles in music notation.

    The Modern Age
    In the modern era, music notation underwent major changes, adopting technology.

    The Digital Revolution
    The arrival of computer-based scores changed the landscape of music notation.

    Key Milestones in Music Notation History
    1. **Early Marks:** Early Egyptian hieroglyphs used to depict music.

    2. **Medieval Notation:** Invention of the staff and solmization system by Guido d’Arezzo in the
    11th century.
    3. **The Renaissance:** Development of complex notational systems in the Baroque period.

    4. **Romantic Period:** Incorporation of expressive dynamics and articulations in the Romantic era.

    5. **Contemporary Techniques:** Adoption of digital notation tools in contemporary music.

    The Role of Music Sheets in Education
    Music sheets act as a crucial part in music education.

    Notable Composers and Their Contributions
    1. **J.S. Bach:** Famed for his intricate and precise
    notation.
    2. **L. Beethoven:** Innovated in the use of dynamic and expressive notations.

    3. **W.A. Mozart:** Perfected the Classical
    approach to elegant and clear notation.
    4. **F. Chopin:** Innovated in the expressive notation for piano compositions.

    5. **I. Stravinsky:** Known for his groundbreaking
    20th-century notational techniques.

    Evolution of Music Sheets in the Digital Age
    The modern era has profoundly transformed the method we create music sheets.

    Future of Music Sheets
    The coming age of music sheets foresees exciting advancements.

    As technology advances, the methods musicians
    use to produce and publish music sheets will in parallel evolve.

    Conclusion
    The journey of music sheets is intricate, reflecting the progress
    of music itself.

    From primitive notations to digital scores, music sheets
    have been a vital tool for documenting and distributing melodies.

    As we look ahead, the story of music sheets will continue, changing
    with technological progress. }
    Music sheets represent a intriguing history that extends across millennia.

    Early Beginnings
    The first types of music notation date back to prehistoric times.

    Ancient Greeks designed basic music notation systems to preserve their musical practices.

    The Greek Contribution
    Greek society made notable contributions to music notation.

    Medieval Innovations
    The Middle Ages witnessed substantial advances in music notation.

    The Renaissance Era
    The Renaissance brought a resurgence of culture, including music notation.

    Baroque and Classical Periods
    During the Baroque periods, music notation evolved further, becoming increasingly sophisticated.

    The Romantic Era
    The Romantic period initiated new emotional techniques in music notation.

    The Modern Age
    In the contemporary period, music notation experienced
    substantial changes, integrating technology.

    The Digital Revolution
    The arrival of computer-based scores revolutionized the landscape of music notation.

    Key Milestones in Music Notation History
    1. **Primitive Symbols:** Early Egyptian hieroglyphs used to depict music.

    2. **Medieval Notation:** Invention of the staff and solmization system
    by Guido d’Arezzo in the 11th century.
    3. **Baroque Notation:** Development of complex notational systems in the Baroque period.

    4. **Romantic Period:** Incorporation of expressive dynamics and articulations in the Romantic era.

    5. **Contemporary Techniques:** Introduction of graphic
    scores and experimental notation in the 20th
    century.

    The Role of Music Sheets in Education
    Music sheets act as a vital function in music pedagogy.

    Notable Composers and Their Contributions
    1. **Bach:** Renowned for his elaborate and accurate notation techniques.

    2. **Beethoven:** Innovated in the use of dynamic and expressive notations.

    3. **Mozart:** Perfected the Classical approach
    to elegant and clear notation.
    4. **Frédéric Chopin:** Known for his detailed and expressive piano music notations.

    5. **Igor Stravinsky:** Known for his groundbreaking 20th-century
    notational techniques.

    Evolution of Music Sheets in the Digital Age
    The contemporary period has dramatically transformed the method we create music sheets.

    Future of Music Sheets
    The future of music sheets promises intriguing advancements.

    As technology continues to advance, likewise will the methods composers use to
    compose and publish music sheets.

    Conclusion
    The journey of music sheets is rich, reflecting the evolution of music itself.

    From early marks to modern notations, music sheets have functioned as a fundamental tool for documenting and transmitting melodies.

    As we move forward, the history of music sheets will persist, changing with each new era.

    }
    Understanding music sheets is essential for all aspiring musician. |
    Learning how to read music sheets is vital for every
    beginning musician. | Mastering the art of reading music
    sheets is vital for all novice musicians.}

    What Are Music Sheets?
    Music sheets act as notated representations of musical notes, showing the tone as
    well as rhythm of a musical composition.

    Getting Started with Music Sheets
    Understanding to read music sheets begins with familiarizing yourself with the fundamental components of
    musical notation.

    Understanding Musical Notation
    Musical notation consists of many crucial elements, including the staff, clefs, notes,
    and rhythms.

    1. **The Staff**
    The staff is the foundation of music notation.

    In music notation, the staff actually consists of five distinct different lines as well as, four spaces.

    2. **Clefs
    This denote which musical note is meant to the different lines and also spaces.
    | This clefs denote which musical note is meant to each line and also the different spaces.
    | This clefs indicate to the different lines
    and also these different spaces.}

    {There {are actually|actually are|is} {two|two separate|two distinct} {primary|different|distinct} {clefs|clef|music notes} {used in|used in various|used in the} {music|musical} {notation|notes|notations}.
    | There {are actually|actually are|is} {two|two separate|two distinct} {primary|different|distinct} {clefs|musical notes|clef} {used in|used
    in various|used in the} {notations|music|musical} {of|music} {these notes|these notes}.

  22. Music sheets and scores offer the necessary direction for
    artists to play pieces precisely.

    Music notations and scores are used to convert musical ideas into an understandable format.

    Elements of Music Sheets and Scores
    1. **Musical staff:** The lines and spaces used to notate the pitch and duration of notes.

    2. **Symbols:** Indicators of the pitch of the notes written on the
    staff.
    3. **Tones:** The symbols used to indicate the pitch and duration of sounds in music.

    4. **Pauses:** Notations that represent periods of silence.

    5. **Rhythm:** Shows the number of beats
    in each measure and the note value of each beat.
    6. **Key Signature:** Specifies the scale in which the piece is written.
    7. **Volume:** Notations indicating the intensity of the music.

    8. **Phrasing:** Instructions on how to perform each note or phrase.

    9. **Speed:** The rate of the music’s execution.
    10. **Embellishments:** Indications of additional notes for expressive effect.

    Reading Music Sheets and Scores
    Understanding music sheets and scores demands knowledge of the various
    components and signs used.

    Benefits of Learning to Read Music Sheets and Scores
    1. **Enhanced Musical Understanding:** Reading music sheets enhances one’s understanding of music theory and composition.
    2. **Broader Skill Set:** Musicians who read
    music can play a wider variety of pieces.
    3. **Improved Interaction:** Improved interaction with other musicians is
    possible when reading music.
    4. **Archiving:** Written music preserves compositions for future
    generations.
    5. **Achievement:** Learning to read music can be a deeply fulfilling and rewarding experience.

    Tips for Beginners
    1. **Begin with Basics:** Start with the basics before tackling more complex compositions.

    2. **Frequent Practice:** Regular practice is essential for
    improvement.
    3. **Take Advantage of Tools:** Many resources
    are available online to help beginners learn to read music.

    4. **Seek Support:** Find a group of like-minded individuals to
    share your learning journey.
    5. **Be Patient:** Keep trying and don’t give up, even when it
    gets tough.

    Advanced Techniques
    1. **On-the-Spot Playing:** The ability to read and play a piece of music on the spot without prior preparation.
    2. **Transposition:** Altering the key in which music is played.

    3. **Creating Harmonies:** The practice of
    adding harmonies to a melody.
    4. **Improvisation:** Creating music spontaneously without prior planning.

    5. **Expressive Playing:** Bringing personal interpretation to
    the performance of music.

    Famous Composers and Their Scores
    1. **Ludwig van Beethoven:** Renowned for his profound and
    expressive music.
    2. **Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart:** Renowned for his musical brilliance and creativity.

    3. **J. S. Bach:** Known for his masterful use of counterpoint and harmony.

    4. **Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky:** Famous for
    his richly orchestrated and emotive music.
    5. **Debussy:** Known for his unique and expressive musical style.

    Digital vs. Traditional Music Scores
    **Advantages of Digital Scores:**
    – Convenience: Convenient for on-the-go use.
    – Editing: Simple to make changes and adjustments.

    – Storage: Takes up less physical space.

    **Pros of Printed Sheets:**
    – Physical Interaction: Engaging tactile experience.
    – Durability: Resilient and less prone to digital failures.

    – Visual Beauty: Holds artistic and historical significance.

    The Role of Technology in Music Scores
    Technology has changed the way we interact with music scores.

    **Digital Sheet Music Apps:** Digital sheet music apps provide convenient platforms for composing and distributing music.

    **Online Libraries:** Platforms like IMSLP and Mutopia Project offer vast collections of free and public domain sheet music.

    **Interactive Learning Tools:** Interactive learning tools enhance music education.

    Conclusion
    Music sheets and scores are essential to the craft of musical creation.

    Whether you just started or an expert, knowing how to read
    and use music sheets and scores is crucial.

    Embrace the journey of understanding music sheets and scores,
    and reveal the creative opportunities that lie ahead.

    The history of music sheets is a deep tapestry that stretches across centuries.

    Early Beginnings
    The earliest types of music notation date back to
    ancient civilizations.

    The ancient Mesopotamians designed basic music notation methods
    to record their musical practices.

    The Greek Contribution
    Greek society made significant advancements to music notation.

    Medieval Innovations
    The Dark Ages saw considerable progress in music notation.

    The Renaissance Era
    The Renaissance brought a rebirth of culture, including music notation.

    Baroque and Classical Periods
    During the Classical periods, music notation developed further, becoming increasingly
    complex.

    The Romantic Era
    The Romantic era ushered in novel dynamic methods in music notation.

    The Modern Age
    In the contemporary period, music notation saw significant changes, adopting
    electronic systems.

    The Digital Revolution
    The advent of digital music transformed the landscape of music notation.

    Key Milestones in Music Notation History
    1. **Ancient Notations:** Ancient Greek symbols
    that represented musical concepts.
    2. **Medieval Notation:** Development of staff lines and
    notation methods in medieval Europe.
    3. **The Renaissance:** Advancements in notational precision during
    the Renaissance.
    4. **Romantic Period:** 19th-century innovations in music notation techniques.

    5. **20th Century:** Introduction of graphic scores and experimental notation in the 20th century.

    The Role of Music Sheets in Education
    Music sheets act as a vital role in music education.

    Notable Composers and Their Contributions
    1. **Johann Sebastian Bach:** Renowned for his elaborate and accurate notation techniques.

    2. **Beethoven:** Advanced the use of expressive dynamics in notation.
    3. **Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart:** Excelled in the Classical era’s
    precise and clear notation.
    4. **Frédéric Chopin:** Innovated in the expressive notation for piano
    compositions.
    5. **Igor Stravinsky:** Revolutionized 20th-century notation with his complex scores.

    Evolution of Music Sheets in the Digital Age
    The contemporary period has significantly changed the approach
    we interact with music sheets.

    Future of Music Sheets
    The next era of music sheets foresees innovative innovations.

    As technology progresses, the methods musicians use to compose and distribute music
    sheets will likewise progress.

    Conclusion
    The story of music sheets is rich, reflecting the advancement of music itself.

    From early marks to modern notations, music sheets have functioned as a vital
    means for recording and transmitting melodies.

    As we look ahead, the history of music sheets shall endure, changing with technological progress.}
    Music sheets represent a captivating history that stretches across centuries.

    Early Beginnings
    The initial versions of music notation date back to prehistoric
    times.

    The ancient Greeks developed simple music notation techniques to record their rituals.

    The Greek Contribution
    Greek society made significant contributions to music notation.

    Medieval Innovations
    The medieval period experienced considerable advances in music notation.

    The Renaissance Era
    Renaissance brought a renewal of music, including music notation.

    Baroque and Classical Periods
    During the Baroque and Classical periods, music notation evolved further, growing more sophisticated.

    The Romantic Era
    The Romantic era ushered in new emotional methods in music notation.

    The Modern Age
    In the 20th century, music notation saw major changes,
    integrating digital tools.

    The Digital Revolution
    The arrival of computer-based scores transformed the domain of music notation.

    Key Milestones in Music Notation History
    1. **Primitive Symbols:** Cuneiform tablets from Mesopotamia that documented early
    music.
    2. **Staff Lines:** Development of staff lines and notation methods
    in medieval Europe.
    3. **Baroque Notation:** Evolution of musical scores in the Classical era.

    4. **Romantic Period:** Incorporation of expressive dynamics and articulations
    in the Romantic era.
    5. **20th Century:** Introduction of graphic scores and experimental notation in the 20th century.

    The Role of Music Sheets in Education
    Music sheets play a vital part in music pedagogy.

    Notable Composers and Their Contributions
    1. **Johann Sebastian Bach:** Famed for his intricate and precise notation.
    2. **L. Beethoven:** Pioneered expressive notations and dynamic markings.

    3. **Mozart:** Perfected the Classical approach to elegant and clear notation.
    4. **Chopin:** Innovated in the expressive notation for piano compositions.

    5. **Igor Stravinsky:** Pioneered 20th-century notational innovations.

    Evolution of Music Sheets in the Digital Age
    The modern era has profoundly changed the method we
    use music sheets.

    Future of Music Sheets
    The coming age of music sheets foresees intriguing developments.

    With the progression of technology, the techniques artists use
    to compose and distribute music sheets will likewise evolve.

    Conclusion
    The journey of music sheets is rich, mirroring the advancement of music itself.

    From primitive notations to electronic sheets, music sheets have been a fundamental medium for recording and
    transmitting melodies.

    As we progress, the legacy of music sheets will persist, evolving with technological progress.
    }
    Understanding music sheets is vital for any novice musician. | Mastering how to read music sheets is crucial for every beginning musician.
    | Understanding the art of reading music sheets is essential for every novice
    musicians.}

    What Are Music Sheets?
    Music sheets are written down representations of musical notes, displaying the note as well as, pace of
    a musical work.

    Getting Started with Music Sheets
    Understanding how to read music sheets begins with becoming familiar with the basic elements of
    music notation.

    Understanding Musical Notation
    Music notation consists of many crucial elements, such as notes, staff, rhythms,
    and clefs.

    The foundation of music notation is the staff.

    In that musical notations, this staff actually consists of five flat lines as well as, four spaces.

    2. **Clefs
    Clefs indicate which note is meant to the different lines as
    well as, spaces. | Clefs denote what musical note
    is meant for these lines and the different spaces. | This clefs
    denote for each line and spaces.}

    {There {are actually|actually are|is} {two|two separate|two distinct} {primary|different|distinct}
    {clefs|clef|music notes} {used in|used in various|used in the} {music|musical} {notation|notes|notations}.
    | There {are actually|actually are|is} {two|two separate|two distinct} {primary|different|distinct}
    {clefs|musical notes|clef} {used in|used in various|used in the}
    {notations|music|musical} {of|music} {these notes|these notes}.

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